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CITAC, international trade, imports, exports
January, 2005

REPEAL THE "BYRD AMENDMENT"

Background:

Formally known as the Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000 (CDSOA), the Byrd Amendment annually funnels money collected from the imposition of antidumping (AD) and countervailing duties (CVD) from government coffers directly to companies that petitioned for those duties (more than $ 1 billion so far, with billions more waiting in the wings). The Byrd Amendment does not require that the funds be used for any particular purpose. The money is allocated based on a formula that includes ordinary business expenditures, assuring that large companies get more money than small ones.

The Byrd Amendment was inserted by Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV) in the Agriculture Appropriations Act of 2000 during Conference Committee action on the bill. The provision was not included in either the House or the Senate-passed versions of the bill. No committee of jurisdiction in either the House or the Senate reviewed it. President Clinton signed the bill on October 28, 2000, but protested the Byrd Amendment provision, recognizing that it violates common sense as well as U.S. international trade obligations.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) ruled the Byrd Amendment unlawful under the agreements on antidumping and subsidy measures. Repeal is the only method of fixing this violation; however, to date, Congress has not taken this step. The Bush Administration has called for repeal of the Byrd Amendment, describing it (accurately) as a corporate welfare program and bad economic policy. If repeal is not forthcoming soon, retaliation against US exports is assured.

Impact on Consuming Industries:

Many consuming industries rely on imports of raw materials or components to maintain global competitiveness. The Byrd Amendment provides a double hit on importers of products subject to antidumping and countervailing duties. They not only must pay these duties (which, because of the "retrospective" system of collection, are of uncertain amount) but also must see them transferred to their U.S. competitors. The Byrd Amendment encourages U.S. producers to file AD and CVD actions knowing full well they will be eligible for monetary distributions. U.S. companies in line to receive these payments have a clear incentive to include more products within the scope of cases, including products not even made in the United States. Consumers see cases filed because of the promise of Byrd money (such as the infamous shrimp case). Other cases include within their scope products not produced here, such as certain antifriction bearings (e.g., certain metric sizes and metallurgical requirements); and steel wire rod for "cold-heading" and manufacture of wire for tire cord.

The CITAC Solution:

Congress should repeal the Byrd Amendment in 2005. Repeal would do away with one of the most egregious current examples of corporate welfare, totaling more than $1 billion to date with no strings attached. Repeal would not affect the operation of the antidumping and countervailing duty laws, but would keep the revenue collected from such actions where it belongs-in the government's hands, to be spent on more urgent needs.

 

Byrd Amendment Distributions of $1 Million or More
Fiscal Year 2004

By Company:

            The Timken Company Bearings $52,673,229
  Lancaster Colony Corp. Candles   26,225,555
  MPB Corporation Bearings   13,190,858
  Micron Technology DRAMS   11,959,014
  Emerson Power Transmission Corp. Bearings   11,644,319
  International Steel Group Steel products   10,374,465
  Home Fragrance Holdings Candles     8,424,904
  Wellman Polyester staple fibers     7,885,970
  United States Steel Corp. Steel products     7,123,402
  AK Steel Steel products     6,835,892
  Holcim US Inc. Cement     4,725,685
  North American Stainless Steel products     4,703,744
  Lafarge North America Cement     4,633,793
  USEC, Inc. Uranium     4,401,004
  Sanford Corporation Pencils     4,189,674
  Meunch Creuzer Candle Co. Candles     4,029,537
  Carpenter Technology Steel products     3,676,773
  Maverick Tube Corp. Steel products     3,632,582
  Reed Candle Candles     2,885,737
  Goodyear Tire and Rubber Industrial belts     2,859,797
  Ash Grove Cement Cement     2,822,221
  Allegheny Ludlum Steel products     2,529,731
  Gates Corporation Industrial belts     2,538,305
  Lehigh Cement Cement     2,094,534
  Wheatland Tube Steel products     1,873,823
  Riverside Cement Cement     1,794,895
  Lumi-Lite Candle Co. Candles     1,698,887
  Maui Pineapple Canned pineapple     1,658,695
  J&L Specialty Steel Steel products     1,513,297
  Nucor Steel products     1,635,971
  Columbian Home Products Cooking ware     1,487,194
  Allied Tube and Conduit Steel products     1,395,333
  ISPAT Inland Steel Steel products     1,635,971
  Invista, SARL Polyester staple fiber     1,267,217
  Dixon Ticonderoga Co. Pencils     1,113,853
  McGill Manufacturing Co. Bearings     1,098,066
  American Pasta Co Pasta     1,043,616
  Candle and Baumer Candles     1,088,983
  Cathedral Candle Candles     1,072,749
  Sioux Honey Association Honey     1,068,405
  New World Pasta Pasta     1,050,611
  Meco Corporation Folding metal tables     1,050,611
  Gerdau USA Inc. Steel products     1,027,833

           

Total, Million Dollar Club by Company

$231,402,838
  Share of Total Distributions ($284,124,933 )
81.5%

 

Byrd Amendment Distributions of $1 Million or More
Fiscal Year 2004

By Sector:

            Steel-containing products $80,509,017
              of which, bearings                                                                               79,147,978
  Steel products   58,055,728
  Candles   51,391,920
  Cement   21,293,059
  Food products   16,663,996
  Computer chips   11,964,989
  Polyester staple fiber     9,611,569
  Pencils     6,731,272
  Industrial belts     5,398,103
  Softwood lumber     5,378,613
  Uranium     4,401,004
  Chemicals     2,239,671
  Cooking ware     2,100,359
  Axes and adzes     1,662,661
  Automotive replacement glass     1,300,757
  Iron-containing products     1,155,999
  Folding metal tables     1,050,611

           

Total, Million Dollar Club by Sector

$280,909,326
  Share of Total Distributions ($284,124,933)
98.9%

Source: The Trade Partnership from Customs and Border Protection data.

 

Total Byrd Amendment Disbursements to Date

Fiscal Year 2004
$284,124,933
Fiscal Year 2003
190,247,425
Fiscal Year 2002
329,871,464
Fiscal Year 2001
231,201,891
TOTAL, Year to date
$1,035,445,713

Source: Customs and Border Protection

 

 

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